MODULE INTRODUCTION

In the 1980's the CDC developed recommendations known as Universal Precautions to prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens, such as HIV and hepatitis B, in the healthcare environment. Later, Universal Precautions changed from being a CDC recommendation, and became a workplace regulation enforced by OSHA as part of its Bloodborne Pathogens Standard. Subsequently, the CDC revised its infection control recommendations and incorporated practices from Universal Precautions into a broader recommendation called Standard Precautions. Likewise, OSHA continues to enforce Universal Precautions and the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, with the most recent revisions effective in 2001. The term "Universal Precautions" now applies only to the OSHA regulation.

To complete this course, you must do the following:

1. Read the Overview and Course Objectives.
2. Take the pre-test to get some idea of what you need to learn.
3. Study the Terminology.
4. Study the Content.
5. Complete the Learning Activity.
6. Complete the Post Test.

OVERVIEW

The material is organized around the following categories:

• Bloodborne Infections.
• Transmission of Bloodborne Infection.
• Exposure Control.
• Using Personal Protective Equipment.
• Work Practice Controls.
• Conclusion.

PURPOSE/OVERALL GOAL

The purpose of this program is to provide nurses an understanding of the causes of bloodborne infections, and strategies for prevention including Universal Precautions, Standard Precautions and the new needlestick directive. However, it should not be treated as a comprehensive infection control training program. Healthcare workers should learn and follow additional infection control procedures to prevent transmission of other types of infection.

COURSE OBJECTIVES

After completing this course, the learner should be able to:

• Identify three bloodborne pathogens of most concern to healthcare workers.
• Explain OSHA's Universal Precautions regulation, the CDC's Standard Precautions recommendation, and the difference between them.
• Describe how engineering controls, work practice controls, and personal protective equipment protect healthcare workers from bloodborne pathogens.
• Identify seven safety characteristics of safer needle devices.
• Describe the evaluation process for the selection of safer medical devices and key participants in the evaluation.
• Describe post exposure steps to take following an accidental exposure to potentially infectious material.

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